1
2
  -2024
.. 
 
( -II)
: 3     : 100
:             
-
1.             
   ?
2.       ?       :
 
10-20 12
20-30 30
30-40 35
40-50 65
50-60 45
60-70 25
70-80 18
3.     ,      
 
0-10 4
2
2
10-20 2
20-30 18
30-40 22
40-50 21
50-60 19
60-70 10
70-80 3
80-90 1
4.         :
    ()
20-29 5
30-39 12
40-49 15
50-59 20
60-69 18
70-79 10
80-89 6
90-99 5
-
5.       12         -
 :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

12
9
6
10
3
5
4
7
8
2
11
1
3
2
6.    10        :
 X   Y
56 147
42 125
36 118
47 128
49 145
42 140
60 155
72 160
63 149
55 150
X  Y  -      45        
  
 -
7.     ,        :

 




6.5
500
10.8
560

2.8
124
2.9
148

4.7
69
8.2
78

10.9
38
13.4
24
8.6
49
10.8
27
4
2
8.       ?       
  -2024
..  
 
( -II)
: 3     : 100
:             
-
1.             
   ?
: -
     ,              
 
  ,             
 , 
      :       
            ,   
       
 , 
           
           
  
  ?
5
2
        '  -     
     -         
  ,        
        ,    -    

, ,     '  ,   
        
          
  
          '  :
1.  
o        '    ,   
   
o :      '   (, ,
, )
2.  
o         '    ,  
    
o :     ( ,  , )
  '  
3.  
o      '    ,     
 
o : -       
4.  
o      '    ,     
 
o : -        (2020, 2021, 2022, )
  
  
 :        
     : -      
 
  :       
 
 :             
6
2
  
  ?
                
               
     100              
   ,      ,  
    
 ,       

  

25

30

20

15

10
  , 
             
  
     :
1.   (- )
o      '    
o : -  ( 1,  2,  3, )    
2.   (- )
o          '    
o :      -     




1
20
25
45
7
2
2
18
22
40
3
25
20
45

63
67
130
            
   
           :
:         
 :       
 (  ):  
:   
:         (  )
  
  :       
 :-        
  :       
 
 
 :         
    
 
 ,           :
1.     
o            - 
o :     "M"  "F"    ""  "" 
2.     
o           ,    
 
o        
8
2
3.   
o              
o       
4.    
o     ,      
o       
5.      
o           (, , 
  ' )
o :       ,    (, ,
, )     
6.    
o          ,       
  
o :":   , 2024"
7.   
o           ( , , , , )
o :     ,         
8.  '    
o     ,        
o :"*        "

               
           ,    
            ,    
 
 
        , 
,    
       , ,       -
         '   
9
2
2.       ?       :
 
10-20 12
20-30 30
30-40 35
40-50 65
50-60 45
60-70 25
70-80 18
: -
   , 
          
                  
         ,  ,      
  , 
       ,   ,  
        
        
  
  ?
         ,       
    '   '  
     
        ' -,       
 
  
1.  -             
 
 ,            

 
2.   -  
        ,  
    -         
3.   -      -        
 ,    -      
4.    -         ,     
 
10
2
  ?
           
     
   ,          
  
1.   -           ,   
     
 
2.   -            
  
-       
3.  -          
 ,  
   
       
4.   -           ,   
       
     




, ,     
  '
    


      '    

     

,  ,  ,
  
 ,  , ,
 

, ,     
 
, ,     
 
 
             
     
              ,     
           
 ,       
      
11
2
  
          
   
     
                 :
 ()

10-20
12
20-30
30
30-40
35
40-50
65
50-60
45
60-70
25
70-80
18
   
1. X-  Y- : X-   (10-20, 20-30, ) 
 ,   Y-
   
 
2.    :   Y- '    
3.     :            
   ,        
4.     :X-        , Y-
  ,        
    ,            
         

                

,                 
               
 ,      ,       '  
,         
 
12
2
3.     ,      
 
0-10 4
10-20 2
20-30 18
30-40 22
40-50 21
50-60 19
60-70 10
70-80 3
80-90 1
: -
 ,          ,        
                 
 ,              
  
        
  , 
        ,   
       
  
               :
 
 (f)
0 - 10
4
10 - 20
2
20 - 30
18
30 - 40
22
40 - 50
21
50 - 60
19
13
2
60 - 70
10
70 - 80
3
80 - 90
1
,  , ,     -- 
1.  ()
 ( )                 ,

  :
:
  (     )
   (    ) ,       :
 1:    () 
 
 (f)
  (x)
f × x
0 - 10
4
(0+10)/2 = 5
4 × 5 = 20
10 - 20
2
(10+20)/2 = 15
2 × 15 = 30
20 - 30
18
(20+30)/2 = 25
18 × 25 = 450
30 - 40
22
(30+40)/2 = 35
22 × 35 = 770
40 - 50
21
(40+50)/2 = 45
21 × 45 = 945
50 - 60
19
(50+60)/2 = 55
19 × 55 = 1045
60 - 70
10
(60+70)/2 = 65
10 × 65 = 650
14
2
70 - 80
3
(70+80)/2 = 75
3 × 75 = 225
80 - 90
1
(80+90)/2 = 85
1 × 85 = 85
 2:    
 f (  ):
 f × x:
  :
 ,   = 42.2
2. 
                 
 ,        :
:
 =    
 =  (   )
 =     
f_m =   
= 
 1:   
  (N) = 100
N/2 = 100/2 = 50 (        50   )
 :
15
2
 

 
0 - 10
4
4
10 - 20
2
6
20 - 30
18
24
30 - 40
22
46
40 - 50
21
67
  40-50  
      46    67 ,   50  
 2:   
 = 40(    )
 = 46(40-50    )
f_m = 21(   )
= 10( )
 ,  = 41.9
3. 
               30-40 (22 ) 
       :
:
 =    
f_1 =   
f_0 =      
f_2 =      
16
2
= 
  :
L = 30, f_1 = 22, f_0 = 18, f_2 = 21, h = 10
 ,  = 38

 = 42.2
 = 41.9
 = 38
4.         :
    ()
20-29 5
30-39 12
40-49 15
50-59 20
60-69 18
70-79 10
80-89 6
90-99 5
:  :   
   ?
  
  ,  
        
    , 
          ,  
17
2
    ,        
      
    
       (SD)   
 
  ,              
   ,              
    ,          
- 
        :
1.  :   45, 46, 47, 48,  49  (      )
2.  :   10, 30, 50, 70,  90  (   )
        ,        
 
   
,         
      

  --       (σ)    :
:
x =     
 = (  )
 =   
x ()=    
(x - x=    
  -- 
 1:       

       ( , 20-29, 30-39, ),      
   
18
2
 
 (f)
  (x)
20 - 29
5
(20+29)/2 = 24.5
30 - 39
12
(30+39)/2 = 34.5
40 - 49
15
(40+49)/2 = 44.5
50 - 59
20
(50+59)/2 = 54.5
60 - 69
18
(60+69)/2 = 64.5
70 - 79
10
(70+79)/2 = 74.5
80 - 89
6
(80+89)/2 = 84.5
90 - 99
5
(90+99)/2 = 94.5
 2:  (x)   
 (x)    :
, f× x   :
 
 (f)
  (x)
f × x
20 - 29
5
24.5
5 × 24.5 = 122.5
30 - 39
12
34.5
12 × 34.5 = 414
40 - 49
15
44.5
15 × 44.5 = 667.5
50 - 59
20
54.5
20 × 54.5 = 1090
60 - 69
18
64.5
18 × 64.5 = 1161
70 - 79
10
74.5
10 × 74.5 = 745
19
2
 
 (f)
  (x)
f × x
80 - 89
6
84.5
6 × 84.5 = 507
90 - 99
5
94.5
5 × 94.5 = 472.5
, f × x   :
∑(f × x)= 122.5 + 414 + 667.5 + 1090 + 1161 + 745 + 507 + 472.5 = 5179.5
 , f ( )   :
= 5 + 12 + 15 + 20 + 18 + 10 + 6 + 5= 91
,    :
 ,  (x) = 56.94
 3: (x - x f(x - x  
, 
          
 
  (x)
x - x
(x - x

f(x - x
20 - 29
24.5
24.5 - 56.94 = -32.44
1052.43
5
5262.15
30 - 39
34.5
34.5 - 56.94 = -22.44
503.59
12
6043.08
40 - 49
44.5
44.5 - 56.94 = -12.44
154.78
15
2321.70
50 - 59
54.5
54.5 - 56.94 = -2.44
5.95
20
119.00
60 - 69
64.5
64.5 - 56.94 = 7.56
57.15
18
1028.70
70 - 79
74.5
74.5 - 56.94 = 17.56
308.44
10
3084.40
80 - 89
84.5
84.5 - 56.94 = 27.56
760.48
6
4562.88
90 - 99
94.5
94.5 - 56.94 = 37.56
1411.23
5
7056.15
, f(x - x  :
20
2
∑f(x−xˉ)2= 5262.15 + 6043.08 + 2321.70 + 119.00 + 1028.70 + 3084.40 + 4562.88 + 7056.15 =
29478.06
 4:  
  :
 ,   18.03 

                  ,

     56.94      18.03       
     '   
     ( , 5),         
          ( , 30),       
 
 
-
5.       12         -
 :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

12
9
6
10
3
5
4
7
8
2
11
1
:  -  
  
      
       
   ' 12    , 
         
   
  , 
   -     ,       
  ( ),  ( ),      
( )

  ,           ,   
 (1  )              
21
2
   ,    (-1  )      
,   0 
 
 -   -- 
   (X  Y)     :

 X (X)  
 Y (Y)  
1
1
12
2
2
9
3
3
6
4
4
10
5
5
3
6
6
5
7
7
4
8
8
7
9
9
8
10
10
2
11
11
11
12
12
1
,    -- 
 1:       (d)
  ,        (d = X - Y)

X (X)  
Y (Y)  
 (d = X - Y)
1
1
12
-11
2
2
9
-7
22
2

X (X)  
Y (Y)  
 (d = X - Y)
3
3
6
-3
4
4
10
-6
5
5
3
2
6
6
5
1
7
7
4
3
8
8
7
1
9
9
8
1
10
10
2
8
11
11
11
0
12
12
1
11
 2:   (d²)   
,   (d²)   


²
1
-11
121
2
-7
49
3
-3
9
4
-6
36
5
2
4
6
1
1
23
2


²
7
3
9
8
1
1
9
1
1
10
8
64
11
0
0
12
11
121
 3: d²   
   (Σd²) :
121 + 49 + 9 +36 + 4 + 1 + 9 +1 + 1 + 64 + 0 + 121 = 416
 4:  -   
   -  (ρ  rₛ)    :
:
Σd² = 416
n = 12 (   )
, n² - 1   :
122 -1 = 144 1 = 143
n (n² - 1)   :
12 x 143 = 1716
6   :
6 x 416 = 2496
, :
24
2
1  :
 5:   

 rₛ = -0.454 ,              
  ,    -  ,        

   (rₛ = 1)                
   (rₛ = -1)              

  -0.454 ,            
- 
    ,   ,           ' 
  
         '  ,    
     '  
 ,       ,       
     ,     -1 ( )      
      ,     1 ( ) 
  , 
 -0.454  -1 
,          

      
 -  
1.      -             
2.      - -          
3.      -  -      
   
 ,        '     
     ',               
 
 
            
   (1  )        
   (-1  )       
25
2
0            

  , -0.454 
      
      
  

6.    10        :
 X   Y
56 147
42 125
36 118
47 128
49 145
42 140
60 155
72 160
63 149
55 150
X  Y  -      45        
  
: -        '     
 
    ,  
           
 , 
      (X)   (Y)       
                
    Least Squares Regression   ,         
              
  -   ?
  
     '            
      
 ,    
     , 
     ,  
    ,  
   

26
2
 ,   , 
             
-
  -        ,  
     
   '         ,    ,  
 

 1: -    
                  
 
              
:
:
Y    ,
X  ,
a   (   '  ),
b   (          )
 b   a   Least Squares       ,   

                
 2:     
      :
 (X)
  (Y)
56
147
42
125
36
118
47
128
49
145
42
140
60
155
27
2
 (X)
  (Y)
72
160
63
149
55
150
 3:     
   ,     :
1. XXX ()  YYY ( )   ()
2.  (b)     :
3.       (a):
    -- 
 3.1: X  Y   
X ( )  :
Y (  )  :
 3.2:     (b)

  :
28
2
   ,   :
b=0.96b
 3.3:     (a)
  :
 4:   
    a  b   , 
   :
     
     ,  
     
      
 5: 45         
,  X=45X = 45X=45     45         :
 ,  45         125 
 
    :
  1   ,    0.96    
   (    ' 0  ) 81.6 ,      


       

                  
    50   ,  
X=50X = 50X=50        
   
29
2
  
?
     
    :
1.  -  
  45      
2.  -        ()  ( ) 
  
3.    -              
        
- 
  
         '    
   
    ,        
    ,
 
     '          
  
 ,               '   
     
 
-              '   
       , 
       -  
           , 
      
    '    
   , ,            
   '         
   ,    
       !
-
7.     ,        :

 




6.5
500
10.8
560

2.8
124
2.9
148
30
2

4.7
69
8.2
78

10.9
38
13.4
24
8.6
49
10.8
27
:  : , ,    
            , ,  
                  
-  ,  ,           
   
    :
1.    
2.    
3.    

               
 
    
  
2020             2024 , 
  '           
     ' 
              -    
           
,    2024 ,        
  
     
      '     
           -      '   
 ,                
  
   -- 
              -   ()  
 ()         :
1.     (L)
               
       :
31
2
:
1=    
0=    
 0=    
2.     (P)
                
      :
:
Q1Q=    
3.     (F)
           ,     
 
     :
  :

    (P0)
 
 (Q0)
 
 (P1)
 

(Q1Q_1Q1)
6.5
500
10.8
560

2.8
124
2.9
148

4.7
69
8.2
78
32
2

    (P0)
 
 (Q0)
 
 (P1)
 

(Q1Q_1Q1)

10.9
38
13.4
24
8.6
49
10.8
27
 1:      

  :
1.    P0×Q0
2.    P1×Q0
3.    P1×Q1
4.    P0×Q1

P0×Q0
P1×Q0
1
P0×Q1
6.5 × 500 = 3250
10.8 × 500 = 5400
10.8 × 560 = 6048
6.5 × 560 = 3640

2.8 × 124 = 347.2
2.9 × 124 = 359.6
2.9 × 148 = 429.2
2.8 × 148 = 414.4

4.7 × 69 = 324.3
8.2 × 69 = 565.8
8.2 × 78 = 639.6
4.7 × 78 = 366.6

10.9 × 38 = 414.2
13.4 × 38 = 509.2
13.4 × 24 = 321.6
10.9 × 24 = 261.6
8.6 × 49 = 421.4
10.8 × 49 = 529.2
10.8 × 27 = 291.6
8.6 × 27 = 232.2
 2:    
33
2
 3:     
   
   
   

   (154.9) 
        '   54.9%
   
   (157.3)      ' 57.3%  
 
   (156.1)     ,    56.1%  
 
 ,         ,         
- 
  
                
             , 

               
 ,           , 
         
34
2
8.       ?       
:        
        , , ,   ,  
     -              
   ,              
  
         
    ?
  
       
   , 
   

       , 
         
        
     ,  
  
         
               
        
    
       :
1.     
           ,         
,       
       -   ,  
    
             ,
         
:
                   
    ,             
   
2.      
         '      ,
           
:
               
   
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               
    
3.      
                ,
                
       
:
                  
',            
4.     
     ,        
:
                
              
5.       
 
     
   ,  ,   
             

:
                 
               
6.     
               
                  
  
:
                
    ,            
   
         :
1. 
2. 
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3.  
4.  
       
1.  (   )
    
            ,  ,  
  
:
 20                 
                 
:
        
 ' -   (   -
),    , 
      -         
2.  (     )
   
     ' 
    
  , ,           
:
               
          
:
                
    
3.   (/ )
          ,        
 
          
:
         
              
 
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:
       - 
 ,     
 
    
4.   ( )
   , , ,      
     
:
-19      -    
           
:
        
       
     
         ?
  
       ,    
  
    
1.  
     ,         
        
:
                   
  '               
2.  
               
     
:
   10      -       
        
3.    
                
 
38
2
:
             
   
       
4.   
       ,          

:
             
   
 
5.    
 -        
:
          '        ',
            

           ,   
          , ,  , 
          
  - , ,  ,    -    

           
:            ( )      
         , 
         